Introduction PART ONE: ISLAMIC MODERNISMS Jurisprudence, Rational Sciences, and Differentiation of Knowledge Religion Versus Science; S.Jamal al-Din Al-Afghani Islamic Revealed Law Versus Islamic Common Law; C.Ali The Rationalistic and Philosophical Spirit of Islam; A.Ali The Sociological Laws of the Quran; M.Abduh Scientific Reform of Religious Studies; M.Abduh Methodology of Historical Writing; S.Nu'mani Islam and Politics War and Peace: Popular Jihad; C.Ali The Problem of Caliphate; A.Abd al-Raziq Authority of the Problem of Succession; A.Ali Intellectual Pluralism and Freedom of Opinion; S.A.Khan Islam and Western Civilization Modernist Economic and Social Project; Aligarh Institute Gazette Islam and Civilization; M.F.Wajdi Islamic Modernism and the Women's Question Polygamy; C.Ali The Rights of Women, S.A.Khan The Liberation of Women; Q.Amin Style of Living The Way of Life; S.A.Khan The Way to Eat a Meal; S.A.Khan Civil Rights; R.al-Tahtawi PART TWO: ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM Jurisprudence, Bases of Law, and Rational Sciences Islam as the Basis for Knowledge; S.Qutb Fallacy of Rationalism, S.Abul A'la Maududi Islam and Politics War and Peace: Jihad; S.Qutb The Nature of an Islamic State; A.Khomeini The Necessity of Islamic Government; A.Khomeini The Political Theory of Islam; S.Abul A'la Maududi The Program of FIS; Islamic Salvation Front of Algeria Boycotting the 1997 Election in Jordan; Muslim Brotherhood Islamic Action Front Party: Interview With Dr. Ishaq A.Farhan Islam and Western Civilization Critical Attitudes about the West and the Idea of Western Decadence; A.Shari'ati Suicide of Western Civilization; S.Abul A'la Maududi Granting Capitulatory Rights to the U.S; A.Khomeini Islam and It's Adversaries; A.al-Latif Sultani Plagued by the West; J.Al-I Ahmad Women and the Hijab A Moralizing Fundamentalism; A.al-Latif Sultani On the Islamic Hijab; M.Motahhari Bibliography Index of the Articles