Clinical Phonetics -- Enhanced Pearson eText

<div class="c-un-numbered-headers-and-contents-list__container"> <ul> <li>About the Authors</li> <li>Preface</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 1 Overview of Clinical Phonetics</h3> <ul> <li>Welcome</li> <li>Clinical Phonetics <ul> <li>The Knowledge Domain of Clinical Phonetics</li> <li>The Skill-Based Domain of Clinical Phonetics</li> <li>Conclusion</li> </ul></li> <li>Chapter Summary Exercises</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 2 Linguistic Phonetics</h3> <ul> <li>Language, Speech, and Dialect</li> <li>The Morpheme</li> <li>The Phoneme</li> <li>Spelling versus Phonetic Transcription</li> <li>The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</li> <li>Phonemes and Allophones</li> <li>Phonetics and Phonology</li> <li>The Syllable</li> <li>Positional and Contextual Terminology for Phonetic Descriptions</li> <li>Conclusion</li> <li>Chapter Summary Exercises</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 3 The Three Systems of Speech Production</h3> <ul> <li>The Respiratory System</li> <li>The Laryngeal System</li> <li>The Supralaryngeal System <ul> <li>Velopharynx: Velum and Pharyngeal Walls</li> <li>Jaw</li> <li>Tongue</li> <li>Lips</li> </ul></li> <li>Technologies for the Study of Phonetics <ul> <li>X-ray Imaging</li> <li>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</li> <li>Electromagnetic Articulography</li> <li>Ultrasound</li> <li>Electropalatography</li> <li>Fiberoptic Endoscopy</li> <li>Aerodynamic Analysis</li> <li>Acoustic Analysis</li> </ul></li> <li>Conclusion</li> <li>Chapter Summary Exercises</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 4 Vowels: Monophthongs and Diphthongs</h3> <ul> <li>Vowel Articulation <ul> <li>Tongue Height</li> <li>Tongue Advancement (the Front–Back Dimension of Tongue Position)</li> <li>Tenseness or Length</li> <li>Lip Configuration</li> <li>Vowel Description: Tongue Height, Tongue Advancement, Tenseness, and Lip Rounding</li> </ul></li> <li>The Front Vowels <ul> <li>Vowel /i/ (He)</li> <li>Vowel /8/ (Hid)</li> <li>Vowel /3/ (Chaotic—First Syllable)</li> <li>Vowel /2/ (Head)</li> <li>Vowel /q/ (Had)</li> </ul></li> <li>The Back Vowels <ul> <li>Vowel /u/ (Who)</li> <li>Vowel /7/ (Hook)</li> <li>Vowel /o/ (Hoe)</li> <li>Vowel /9/ (Hall)</li> <li>Vowel /e/ (Hot)</li> </ul></li> <li>The Central Vowels <ul> <li>Vowel /4/ (Hub)</li> <li>Vowel /1/ (Above, Sometimes Called Schwa)</li> <li>Vowel /6/ (Her)</li> <li>Vowel /5/ (Mother, Sometimes Called Schwar)</li> </ul></li> <li>Diphthong Articulation <ul> <li>Diphthong /e]/ (Bye)</li> <li>Diphthong /9]/ (Boy)</li> <li>Diphthong /e[/ (Bough)</li> <li>Diphthong /3]/ (Bay)</li> <li>Diphthong /o[/ (Bow)</li> </ul></li> <li>R-colored Vowels <ul> <li>R-colored Vowel /e r/ (Far)</li> <li>R-colored Vowel /9 r/ (Four)</li> <li>R-colored Vowel /8 r/ (Fear)</li> <li>R-colored Vowel /2 r/ (Fair)</li> </ul></li> <li>Special Notes on the Phonetic Properties of Vowels <ul> <li>Some Cautions about Vowel Terminology</li> <li>Tongue and Jaw Interaction</li> <li>Lip and Jaw Interaction</li> </ul></li> <li>Some Common Articulatory Modifications of English Vowels <ul> <li>Nasalization</li> <li>Reduction</li> <li>Other Modifications</li> </ul></li> <li>Allographs of English Vowels</li> <li>Frequency of Occurrence for English Vowels</li> <li>Vowels around the World</li> <li>The Acoustic Properties of Vowels <ul> <li>The Vocal Tract as a Resonator</li> <li>Primary Acoustic Properties of Vowels</li> </ul></li> <li>Conclusion</li> <li>Chapter Summary Exercises</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 5 Consonants</h3> <ul> <li>Manner of Articulation <ul> <li>Stops</li> <li>Fricatives</li> <li>Affricates</li> <li>Nasals</li> <li>Liquids</li> <li>Glides</li> </ul></li> <li>Place of Articulation <ul> <li>Bilabials</li> <li>Labiodentals</li> <li>Interdentals (or Dentals)</li> <li>Alveolars</li> <li>Palatals</li> <li>Velars</li> <li>Glottals</li> </ul></li> <li>The Voicing Contrast</li> <li>Summary of Manner, Place, and Voicing <ul> <li>Manner of Articulation</li> <li>Place of Articulation and Voicing</li> </ul></li> <li>Allographs of the Consonant Phonemes of English</li> <li>Frequency of Occurrence and Place of Articulation</li> <li>Summary Classification of Consonants</li> <li>Consonant Acoustics <ul> <li>Acoustic Features of Consonant Classes</li> <li>Sounds in Sequence</li> </ul></li> <li>Conclusion</li> <li>Chapter Summary Exercises</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 6 Suprasegmentals and Prosody</h3> <ul> <li>The Units of Prosody <ul> <li>Syllables</li> </ul></li> <li>The Prosodic Foot <ul> <li>The Intonational Phrase</li> <li>Intonation</li> </ul></li> <li>Stress <ul> <li>Lexical Stress</li> <li>Stress beyond the Word Level</li> </ul></li> <li>Timing <ul> <li>Tempo</li> <li>Pause (Juncture)</li> <li>Boundary or Edge Effects</li> </ul></li> <li>Timing, Juncture, and Intonation Symbols <ul> <li>Lengthened [s iQ]</li> <li>Shortened [w i W]</li> <li>Close Juncture [e] d 8 d 8 t]</li> <li>Open Juncture [1 n e] s + m q n] versus [1 n + e] s m q n]</li> <li>Internal Open Juncture [l 2 t s h 2 l p R j 3] n]</li> <li>Falling Terminal Juncture [t 7 d 3] T]</li> <li>Rising Terminal Juncture [t 7 d 3] Y]</li> <li>Checked or Held Juncture [t 7 d 3] U]</li> <li>Selected Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet</li> </ul></li> <li>Paralinguistics</li> <li>Examples of Prosodic Variations <ul> <li>Motherese</li> <li>Clear Speech</li> <li>Other Prosodic Variations</li> </ul></li> <li>Role of Prosody in Typical and Atypical Development of Speech and Language</li> <li>Clinical Assessment of Suprasegmentals <ul> <li>Prosody Profile (PROP)</li> <li>Prosody-Voice Screening Profile (PVSP)</li> </ul></li> <li>Profiling Elements of Prosodic Systems—Child Version (PEPS-C)</li> <li>Conclusion</li> <li>Chapter Summary Exercises</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 7 Narrow Transcription</h3> <ul> <li>Coarticulation</li> <li>Uses of Narrow Transcription</li> <li>Conventions for Diacritic Marks in This Text</li> <li>Onglide and Offglide Symbols</li> <li>Nasal Symbols <ul> <li>Nasalized [b q! d]</li> <li>Nasal Emission [s@ m e] l]</li> <li>Denasalized [r q# n]</li> </ul></li> <li>Lip Symbols <ul> <li>Rounded (or Protruded) Vowel [s w i$ t]</li> <li>Unrounded (or Unprotruded) Vowel [h u% ]</li> <li>Labialized Consonant [k^ w i n]</li> <li>Nonlabialized Consonant [w&amp; i d]</li> <li>Inverted Lip [b* i n]</li> </ul></li> <li>Tongue Symbols <ul> <li>Dentalized [w 8 dI ']</li> <li>Palatalized [sO i l]</li> <li>Lateralized [sP l i p]</li> <li>Retroflex (or Rhotacized) [h e r c{ 5]</li> <li>Velarized [f i l}]</li> <li>Fronted or Advanced [p e E t]</li> <li>Retracted [b qA t]</li> <li>Raised [b 2F d]</li> <li>Lowered [h 2G d]</li> <li>Derhotacized [rK 2 d]</li> </ul></li> <li>Sound Source Symbols <ul> <li>Partially Voiced [q b sL 1 n t]</li> <li>Partially Devoiced [d 9 g:]</li> <li>Glottalized (or Creaky Voice) [b e" k s]</li> <li>Breathy (or Murmured) [p l 3Z] 8 a]</li> <li>Whistled (or Hissed) [sC i]</li> <li>Trilled [th rV e]]</li> </ul></li> <li>Syllabic Symbol</li> <li>Stop Release Symbols <ul> <li>Aspirated [t( e p]</li> <li>Unaspirated [s t) e p]</li> <li>Unreleased [l q p_]</li> <li>Frictionalized (or Spirantized) [s tX e p]</li> </ul></li> <li>Other Symbols <ul> <li>Synchronic Tie [d+z u]</li> <li>Unintelligible Syllable [\]</li> <li>Questionable Segment e| or =|</li> </ul></li> <li>Conclusion</li> <li>Chapter Summary Exercises</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 8 Practicing Broad and Narrow Phonetic Transcription of Children’s Speech</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Part A: Transcription of Vowel Sound Changes</strong> <ul> <li>Background Information</li> <li>Training Modules <ul> <li>Vowels Module 1: Vowel Substitutions</li> <li>Vowels Module 2: Vowel Modifications</li> <li>Vowels Module 3: Central Vowels</li> </ul></li> <li>Vowels Module 4: Vowel Substitutions, Modifications, and Central Vowels</li> <li>Vowels Module 5: Vowel Additions</li> <li>Vowels Module 6: Vowel Lengthening</li> <li>Vowels Module 7: Vowel Nasalization</li> <li>Vowels Module 8: Summary Quiz</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Part B: Transcription of Stop Sound Changes</strong> <ul> <li>Background Information <ul> <li>Description of Stops</li> </ul></li> <li>Training Modules <ul> <li>Stops Module 1: Stop Substitutions</li> <li>Stops Module 2: Voicing of Voiceless Stops</li> <li>Stops Module 3: Devoicing of Voiced Stops</li> <li>Stops Module 4: Glottal Stop Substitutions</li> <li>Stops Module 5: Stop Deletions</li> <li>Stops Module 6: Frictionalized Stops</li> <li>Stops Module 7: Summary Quiz</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Part C: Transcription of Nasal Sound Changes</strong> <ul> <li>Background Information <ul> <li>Description and Distribution of Nasals</li> </ul></li> <li>Training Modules <ul> <li>Nasals Module 1: Nasal Deletions</li> <li>Nasals Module 2: Summary Quiz</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Part D: Transcription of Fricative and Affricate Sound Changes</strong> <ul> <li>Background Information <ul> <li>Description of Fricatives</li> <li>Distribution and Frequency of Occurrence of Fricatives</li> </ul></li> <li>Training Modules <ul> <li>Overview</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 1: /f/ and /v/ Changes</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 2: /h/ Deletions</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 3: Voiceless and Voiced Interdental Changes</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 4: Fricative and Affricate Voicing Changes</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 5: Fricative and Affricate Substitutions</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 6: Dentalized Sibilants</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 7: Lateralized Sibilants</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 8: Retroflexed and Palatalized Sibilants</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 9: Sibilants Quiz</li> <li>Fricatives and Affricates Module 10: Summary Quiz</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Part E: Transcription of Glide and Liquid Sound Changes</strong> <ul> <li>Background Information <ul> <li>Description of Glides and Liquids</li> <li>Distribution and Frequency</li> </ul></li> <li>Training Modules <ul> <li>Glides and Liquids Module 1: Glide Changes</li> <li>Glides and Liquids Module 2: /l/ Substitutions</li> <li>Glides and Liquids Module 3: Velarized /l/</li> <li>Glides and Liquids Module 4: Derhotacized /r/, /6/, /5/</li> <li>Glides and Liquids Module 5: /r/ Quiz</li> <li>Glides and Liquids Module 6: Velarized /r/</li> <li>Glides and Liquids Module 7: Summary Quiz</li> </ul></li> <li>Grand Quiz</li> </ul></li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 9 Preparing to Collect and Transcribe Clinical Speech Samples</h3> <ul> <li>Eliciting and Recording Speech Samples <ul> <li>Eliciting the Sample</li> <li>The Recording Environment</li> <li>Recording Equipment</li> </ul></li> <li>Factors that Influence Scoring and Transcription <ul> <li>Client Factors</li> <li>Task Factors</li> </ul></li> <li>Approaches to Clinical Transcription and Scoring <ul> <li>Transcription and Scoring Systems</li> <li>What Level of Detail Should Be Represented?</li> </ul></li> <li>The Process of Scoring or Transcription <ul> <li>Should I Use Video Recording?</li> <li>Should I Use Headphones?</li> <li>Should I Preview the Recording?</li> <li>What if I’m Not Sure What I’m Hearing?</li> <li>How Many Times Should I Listen?</li> <li>What Are Some Strategies for Difficult Words?</li> <li>Some Final Suggestions</li> </ul></li> <li>Conclusion</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 10 Phonetics in the Clinical Setting</h3> <ul> <li>Single-Word Tests of Articulation and Phonology</li> <li>Transcribing Nonwords</li> <li>Two-Way Scoring and Deep Testing</li> <li>Two-Way Scoring in Larger Speech Samples <ul> <li>Scoring /s/ in Continuous Speech</li> <li>Scoring Rhotics in Continuous Speech</li> </ul></li> <li>Transcription in Larger Speech Samples <ul> <li>Transcribing Imitated Phrases</li> <li>Transcribing Read Sentences</li> <li>Transcribing All Sounds in Continuous Speech</li> </ul></li> <li>Transcribing Children with Motor Speech Disorders</li> <li>Motor Speech Disorders: Imitated Single Words <ul> <li>Motor Speech Disorders: Imitated Words in Phrases</li> <li>Motor Speech Disorders: Imitated Sentences</li> <li>Motor Speech Disorders: Conversational Speech</li> </ul></li> <li>Conclusion</li> </ul> <h3>Chapter 11 Phonetic Variation</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Part A: Phonetic Aspects of Dialect Variation</strong> <ul> <li>What is Phonetic Variation?</li> <li>Dialect as a Source of Phonetic Variation <ul> <li>Studying Dialect</li> <li>Is There a Standard Dialect?</li> <li>Why Do Dialects Differ?</li> <li>Difference versus Disorder</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Part B: Regional Dialects of American English</strong> <ul> <li>Southern Dialect Region <ul> <li>Location</li> <li>Major Features</li> </ul></li> <li>Western Dialect Region <ul> <li>Location</li> <li>Major Features</li> </ul></li> <li>Midlands Dialect Region <ul> <li>Location</li> <li>Major Feature</li> </ul></li> <li>Northern Dialect Regions <ul> <li>Location</li> <li>Major Features</li> </ul></li> <li>Dialects of the Northeastern United States <ul> <li>Location</li> <li>Major Features</li> </ul></li> <li>Practice Discriminating Regional Variation in Vowels</li> <li>Regional Variation in Consonants</li> <li>International Englishes</li> </ul></li> <li><strong>Part C: Beyond Regional Dialects</strong> <ul> <li>African American English <ul> <li>Origins of AAE</li> <li>Features of AAE</li> </ul></li> <li>L1-Influenced English <ul> <li>Working with Speakers from Unfamiliar Language Backgrounds</li> <li>Spanish-Influenced English</li> <li>Features of Spanish-Influenced English</li> </ul></li> <li>Conclusion</li> <li>Further Reading</li> <li>Other Resources</li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul> <li>Transcription Exercises</li> </ul> <h3>APPENDICDES</h3> <ol type="A"> <li>Phonetics Symbols and Terms</li> <li>Distributional, Structural, and Proportional Occurrence Data for American English Sounds, Syllables, and Words</li> </ol> <h4 class="h5">Glossary</h4> <h4 class="h5">Answers to Exercises</h4> <h4 class="h5">References</h4> <h4 class="h5">Index</h4> </div>