<p>Introduction<br>I. HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND<br>1. History of Associations and Volunteering<br>2. Theories of Associations and Volunteering<br>3. Typologies of Associations and Volunteering<br>4. Leisure and Time Use Perspectives on Volunteering<br>5. Volunteering as Related to Other Leisure Activities<br>6. Associations and Social Capital<br>7. Associations and Social Networks<br>8. Hybrid Associations and Blurred Sector Boundaries<br>II. SPECIAL TYPES OF VOLUNTEERING<br>9. Informal, Unorganized Volunteering<br>10. Stipended Transnational Volunteering<br>11. Stipended National Service Volunteering<br>12. Volunteer Tourism and Travel Volunteering<br>13. Online-Volunteering and Cyber-Associations<br>14. Spontaneous Volunteering in Emergencies<br>15. Formal Volunteer Service Programs<br>16. Changing Nature of Formal Service Program Volunteering<br>III. MAJOR ACTIVITY AREAS OF VOLUNTEERING AND ASSOCIATIONS<br>17. Traditional Philanthropic Service Volunteering<br>18. Self-Help and Mutual Aid Group Volunteering<br>19. Participation in Trade and Business Associations<br>20. Participation in Worker Cooperatives<br>21. Volunteering in Consumer and Service Cooperatives<br>22. Volunteering in Religious Congregations and Faith-Based Associations<br>23. Political Parties and Political Volunteering-Participation<br>24. Social Movements and Activist-Protest Volunteering<br>IV. INFLUENCES ON VOLUNTEERING AND ASSOCIATION PARTICIPATION<br>25. Physiological Correlates of Volunteering<br>26. Conducive Macro-Contexts Influencing Volunteering<br>27. Conducive Meso and Micro-Contexts Influencing Volunteering<br>28. Conducive Social Roles and Demographics Influencing Volunteering<br>29. Volunteering in Three Life Stages<br>30. Conducive Motivations and Psychological Influences on Volunteering<br>31. Theory as a Comprehensive, Interdisciplinary Explanation of Volunteering and Pro-Social Behavior<br>V. INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF ASSOCIATIONS32. Local or Grassroots Associations: Micro-Associations<br>33. National and Other Supra-Local Associations: Meso-Associations<br>34. Trans-National Associations and INGOs: Macro-Associations<br>35. Governance, Boards, and Internal Structures of Associations<br>36. Leadership and Management of Associations<br>37. Life Cycles of Individual Associations<br>VI. INTERNAL PROCESSES OF ASSOCIATIONS<br>38. Member Acquisition and Retention in Associations<br>39. Resource Attraction and Marketing by Associations<br>40. Avoiding Bureaucratization and Mission Drift in Associations<br>41. Self-Regulation in Associations<br>42. Accountability and Social Accounting in Associations<br>43. Information and Technology for Associations<br>44. Economics of Associations and Volunteering<br>VII. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS OF ASSOCIATIONS<br>45. Civil Liberties and Freedoms as Association Contexts<br>46. Pluralism, Corporatism, and Authoritarianism as Association Contexts<br>47. Legal, Registration, and Taxation Issues of Associations<br>48. Relationships and Collaboration among Associations<br>49. Public Perceptions of and Trust in Associations and Volunteers<br>50. Prevalence Rates of Associations Across Territories<br>VIII. SCOPE AND IMPACTS OF VOLUNTEERING AND ASSOCIATIONS<br>51. Scope and Trends of Volunteering and Associations<br>52. Volunteering Impacts on Volunteers and Association Members<br>53. Crime, Misconduct, and Dysfunctions in and by Associations<br>IX. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS<br>54. Conclusions and Future Prospects<br>X. APPENDIX<br></p><p></p><p><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></p>
