Part I. Historical and Religious Background: 1. Introduction; 2. Jews among Greeks and Romans; 3. Religion of Second-Temple Judaism; 4. Varieties of Second-Temple Judaism; 5. Jewish hopes for the future; 6. Hellenistic religion, philosophy, and world-view; 7. An overview of Early Christian history; 8. The making of the New Testament; Part II. Jesus and the Gospels: 9. Introduction to the Gospels; 10. The dynoptic problem; 11. The Gospel of Mark; 12. The Gospel of Matthew; 13. The Gospel of Luke; 14. The Gospel of John; 15. The apocryphal Jesus; 16. The quest for the historical Jesus; Part III. Acts: 17. The Book of Acts; Part IV. Pauline Christianity: 18. Paul, his letters, and his churches; 19. Gentiles and the law (1): Galatians; 20. Gentiles and the law (2): Romans; 21. Problems of church life: 1 Corinthians; 22. Problems of church life: 2 Corinthians; 23. The imminent Parousia: 1 and 2 Thessalonians; 24. Prison epistles (1): Philippians and Philemon; 25. Prison epistles (2): Colossians and Ephesians; Part V. Judaic Christianity: 26. Judaic Christianity; 27. The letter of James; 28. The Didache; Part VI. Gnostic Christianity: 29. Gnostic Christianity; 30. The Gospel of Thomas; Part VII. Proto-Orthodox Christianity: 31. Proto-Orthodox Christianity; 32. Conflict within the church (1): 1 Clement; 33. Conflict within the church (2): Pastoral Epistles; 34. Conflict within the church (3): Jude and 2 Peter; 35. Conflict within the church (4): Johannine Epistles; 36. Conflict within the church (5): Letters of Ignatius; 37. Relation of Christianity to Judaism (1): Hebrews; 38. Relation of Christianity to Judaism (2): Epistle of Barnabas; 39. Conflict with the Roman World (1): 1 Peter; 40. Conflict with the Roman World (2): Revelation; Appendixes: 1. Lucian on sacrifice; 2. The Essenes; 3. Jewish Messianic hopes; 4. Divine men and their births; 5. Apotheoses; 6. Miracle stories in the ancient world; 7. The infancy Gospel of Thomas; 8. The Gospel of Peter; 9. The Didache; 10. Selections from the Gospel of Thomas; 11. Selections from 1 Clement; 12. Selections from the epistle of Barnabas; 13. Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans 1-9; 14. Conflict with Rome.